ErrorException (E_ERROR)
Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined. (View: /home/forge/saiba.org.za/resources/views/app/pages/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short.blade.php)
Previous exceptions
  • Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined. (0)
ErrorException thrown with message "Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined. (View: /home/forge/saiba.org.za/resources/views/app/pages/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short.blade.php)" Stacktrace: #47 ErrorException in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php:305 #46 Illuminate\View\Engines\CompilerEngine:handleViewException in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:45 #45 InvalidArgumentException in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php:305 #44 Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator:route in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php:790 #43 route in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/storage/framework/views/5a381f591149cde4666e4c73135f0865367c9229.php:11 #42 include in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:43 #41 Illuminate\View\Engines\PhpEngine:evaluatePath in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 #40 Illuminate\View\Engines\CompilerEngine:get in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:137 #39 Illuminate\View\View:getContents in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:120 #38 Illuminate\View\View:renderContents in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:85 #37 Illuminate\View\View:render in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Response.php:42 #36 Illuminate\Http\Response:setContent in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php:206 #35 Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response:__construct in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:724 #34 Illuminate\Routing\Router:toResponse in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:698 #33 Illuminate\Routing\Router:prepareResponse in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:658 #32 Illuminate\Routing\Router:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:30 #31 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:68 #30 Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #29 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #28 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Middleware/ShareErrorsFromSession.php:49 #27 Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #26 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #25 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php:63 #24 Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #23 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #22 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cookie/Middleware/AddQueuedCookiesToResponse.php:37 #21 Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #20 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #19 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cookie/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php:68 #18 Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #17 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #16 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:102 #15 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:then in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:660 #14 Illuminate\Routing\Router:runRouteWithinStack in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:635 #13 Illuminate\Routing\Router:runRoute in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:601 #12 Illuminate\Routing\Router:dispatchToRoute in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:590 #11 Illuminate\Routing\Router:dispatch in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php:176 #10 Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel:Illuminate\Foundation\Http\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:30 #9 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/fruitcake/laravel-cors/src/HandleCors.php:37 #8 Fruitcake\Cors\HandleCors:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #7 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #6 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/CheckForMaintenanceMode.php:46 #5 Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:149 #4 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php:53 #3 Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline:Illuminate\Routing\{closure} in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:102 #2 Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline:then in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php:151 #1 Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel:sendRequestThroughRouter in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php:116 #0 Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel:handle in /home/forge/saiba.org.za/public/index.php:55
47
ErrorException
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php305
46
Illuminate\View\Engines\CompilerEngine handleViewException
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php45
45
InvalidArgumentException
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php305
44
Illuminate\Routing\UrlGenerator route
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php790
43
route
/storage/framework/views/5a381f591149cde4666e4c73135f0865367c9229.php11
42
include
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php43
41
Illuminate\View\Engines\PhpEngine evaluatePath
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php59
40
Illuminate\View\Engines\CompilerEngine get
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php137
39
Illuminate\View\View getContents
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php120
38
Illuminate\View\View renderContents
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php85
37
Illuminate\View\View render
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Response.php42
36
Illuminate\Http\Response setContent
/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php206
35
Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response __construct
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php724
34
Illuminate\Routing\Router toResponse
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php698
33
Illuminate\Routing\Router prepareResponse
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php658
32
Illuminate\Routing\Router Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php30
31
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php68
30
Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
29
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
28
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Middleware/ShareErrorsFromSession.php49
27
Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
26
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
25
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php63
24
Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
23
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
22
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cookie/Middleware/AddQueuedCookiesToResponse.php37
21
Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
20
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
19
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cookie/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php68
18
Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
17
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
16
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php102
15
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline then
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php660
14
Illuminate\Routing\Router runRouteWithinStack
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php635
13
Illuminate\Routing\Router runRoute
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php601
12
Illuminate\Routing\Router dispatchToRoute
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php590
11
Illuminate\Routing\Router dispatch
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php176
10
Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel Illuminate\Foundation\Http\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php30
9
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/fruitcake/laravel-cors/src/HandleCors.php37
8
Fruitcake\Cors\HandleCors handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
7
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
6
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/CheckForMaintenanceMode.php46
5
Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\CheckForMaintenanceMode handle
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php149
4
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php53
3
Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline Illuminate\Routing\{closure}
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php102
2
Illuminate\Pipeline\Pipeline then
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php151
1
Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel sendRequestThroughRouter
/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php116
0
Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel handle
/public/index.php55
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php
        return $this->cachedSchema;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the URL to a named route.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @param  mixed   $parameters
     * @param  bool  $absolute
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function route($name, $parameters = [], $absolute = true)
    {
        if (! is_null($route = $this->routes->getByName($name))) {
            return $this->toRoute($route, $parameters, $absolute);
        }
 
        throw new InvalidArgumentException("Route [{$name}] not defined.");
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the URL for a given route instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @param  mixed  $parameters
     * @param  bool   $absolute
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Routing\Exceptions\UrlGenerationException
     */
    protected function toRoute($route, $parameters, $absolute)
    {
        return $this->routeUrl()->to(
            $route, $this->formatParameters($parameters), $absolute
        );
    }
 
    /**
Arguments
  1. "Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined. (View: /home/forge/saiba.org.za/resources/views/app/pages/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short.blade.php)"
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php
     *
     * @param  string  $__path
     * @param  array   $__data
     * @return string
     */
    protected function evaluatePath($__path, $__data)
    {
        $obLevel = ob_get_level();
 
        ob_start();
 
        extract($__data, EXTR_SKIP);
 
        // We'll evaluate the contents of the view inside a try/catch block so we can
        // flush out any stray output that might get out before an error occurs or
        // an exception is thrown. This prevents any partial views from leaking.
        try {
            include $__path;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->handleViewException($e, $obLevel);
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->handleViewException(new FatalThrowableError($e), $obLevel);
        }
 
        return ltrim(ob_get_clean());
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle a view exception.
     *
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @param  int  $obLevel
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleViewException(Exception $e, $obLevel)
    {
        while (ob_get_level() > $obLevel) {
            ob_end_clean();
Arguments
  1. InvalidArgumentException {#847
      #message: "Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined."
      #code: 0
      #file: "/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php"
      #line: 305
    }
    
  2. 1
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/UrlGenerator.php
        return $this->cachedSchema;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the URL to a named route.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @param  mixed   $parameters
     * @param  bool  $absolute
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
     */
    public function route($name, $parameters = [], $absolute = true)
    {
        if (! is_null($route = $this->routes->getByName($name))) {
            return $this->toRoute($route, $parameters, $absolute);
        }
 
        throw new InvalidArgumentException("Route [{$name}] not defined.");
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the URL for a given route instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @param  mixed  $parameters
     * @param  bool   $absolute
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Routing\Exceptions\UrlGenerationException
     */
    protected function toRoute($route, $parameters, $absolute)
    {
        return $this->routeUrl()->to(
            $route, $this->formatParameters($parameters), $absolute
        );
    }
 
    /**
Arguments
  1. "Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined."
    
Exception message: Route [app.publications.bareview] not defined.
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/helpers.php
        if (func_num_args() === 0) {
            return $factory;
        }
 
        return $factory->make($content, $status, $headers);
    }
}
 
if (! function_exists('route')) {
    /**
     * Generate the URL to a named route.
     *
     * @param  array|string  $name
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @param  bool  $absolute
     * @return string
     */
    function route($name, $parameters = [], $absolute = true)
    {
        return app('url')->route($name, $parameters, $absolute);
    }
}
 
if (! function_exists('secure_asset')) {
    /**
     * Generate an asset path for the application.
     *
     * @param  string  $path
     * @return string
     */
    function secure_asset($path)
    {
        return asset($path, true);
    }
}
 
if (! function_exists('secure_url')) {
    /**
     * Generate a HTTPS url for the application.
     *
Arguments
  1. "app.publications.bareview"
    
  2. []
    
  3. true
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/storage/framework/views/5a381f591149cde4666e4c73135f0865367c9229.php
<?php $__env->startSection('title', 'How Accurate is the Big Short?'); ?>
 
<?php $__env->startSection('description', 'In a world where the Kardashians have a monopoly over so many people’s eyeballs, it is refreshing to see The Big Short garner critical and public acclaim.'); ?>
<?php $__env->startSection('content'); ?>
<!--========== BACKGROUND COLOR SKY LIGHT ==========-->
    <div class="bg-color-sky-light">
    <section class="breadcrumbs-v1">
        <div class="container">
            <h2 class="breadcrumbs-v1-title">How Accurate is the Big Short?</h2>
            <ol class="breadcrumbs-v1-links">
                <li><a href="<?php echo e(route('app.publications.bareview')); ?>">BA Review</a></li>
                <li class="active">How Accurate is the Big Short?</li>
            </ol>
        </div>
    </section>
        
        <!--========== PAGE CONTENT ==========-->
        <div class="content-sm container">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-9 md-margin-b-50">
                    <!-- Blog Grid -->
                    <article class="blog-grid margin-b-30">
                        <!-- Image -->
                        <img class="img-responsive" src="/app/assets/img/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short.jpg" alt="A Real Life Look: The role of the modern CFO">
                        <!-- End Image -->
 
                        <!-- Blog Grid Content -->
                        <div class="blog-grid-content">
                            <!-- <h2 class="blog-grid-title-lg"><a class="blog-grid-title-link" href="blog_single_standard.html">The Recipe to Success</a></h2> -->
                            <p>In a world where the Kardashians have a monopoly over so many people’s eyeballs, it is refreshing to see The Big Short garner critical and public acclaim. But what is more impressive is that the film managed to accurately depict the financial world it represents.  </p>
 
                            <p class="margin-b-20"><a href="#">Leigh Schaller</a> | <a href="#">The SAIT</a></p>
 
                            <p>Finance is boring. Or at least, that is how popular culture usually depicts the world of money. Conventional wisdom tells us that, for the average film watcher, there is nothing exciting about bonds and credit default swaps.</p>
 
                            <p>Or as the director of the Big Short, Adam McKay, told the Wall Street Journal, “Average people feel they’re too dumb, or banking is boring.” Yet his movie, which makes housing bonds and collateral debt obligations its subject matter, has shattered conventional thinking about what sort of topic lends itself to making an entertaining movie.</p>
 
                            <p>The film has become a critical success, having won an Oscar and raking in more than $120 million at the box office so far. It also made ethically dubious bankers look cool in a manner Hollywood previously reserved for drug dealers and vigilantes.</p>
 
                            <p>Although making a lauded movie about the usually boring events of banking is an achievement in itself. What sets The Big Short further apart is that to a large extent, it managed to accurately represent the real-life events that it portrays. </p>
Arguments
  1. "app.publications.bareview"
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php
    /**
     * Get the evaluated contents of the view at the given path.
     *
     * @param  string  $__path
     * @param  array   $__data
     * @return string
     */
    protected function evaluatePath($__path, $__data)
    {
        $obLevel = ob_get_level();
 
        ob_start();
 
        extract($__data, EXTR_SKIP);
 
        // We'll evaluate the contents of the view inside a try/catch block so we can
        // flush out any stray output that might get out before an error occurs or
        // an exception is thrown. This prevents any partial views from leaking.
        try {
            include $__path;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->handleViewException($e, $obLevel);
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->handleViewException(new FatalThrowableError($e), $obLevel);
        }
 
        return ltrim(ob_get_clean());
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle a view exception.
     *
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @param  int  $obLevel
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleViewException(Exception $e, $obLevel)
    {
Arguments
  1. "/home/forge/saiba.org.za/storage/framework/views/5a381f591149cde4666e4c73135f0865367c9229.php"
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php
     * @param  array   $data
     * @return string
     */
    public function get($path, array $data = [])
    {
        $this->lastCompiled[] = $path;
 
        // If this given view has expired, which means it has simply been edited since
        // it was last compiled, we will re-compile the views so we can evaluate a
        // fresh copy of the view. We'll pass the compiler the path of the view.
        if ($this->compiler->isExpired($path)) {
            $this->compiler->compile($path);
        }
 
        $compiled = $this->compiler->getCompiledPath($path);
 
        // Once we have the path to the compiled file, we will evaluate the paths with
        // typical PHP just like any other templates. We also keep a stack of views
        // which have been rendered for right exception messages to be generated.
        $results = $this->evaluatePath($compiled, $data);
 
        array_pop($this->lastCompiled);
 
        return $results;
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle a view exception.
     *
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @param  int  $obLevel
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleViewException(Exception $e, $obLevel)
    {
        $e = new ErrorException($this->getMessage($e), 0, 1, $e->getFile(), $e->getLine(), $e);
 
        parent::handleViewException($e, $obLevel);
Arguments
  1. "/home/forge/saiba.org.za/storage/framework/views/5a381f591149cde4666e4c73135f0865367c9229.php"
    
  2. array:4 [
      "__env" => Factory {#177}
      "app" => Application {#2}
      "errors" => ViewErrorBag {#840}
      "user" => null
    ]
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php
        $this->factory->callComposer($this);
 
        $contents = $this->getContents();
 
        // Once we've finished rendering the view, we'll decrement the render count
        // so that each sections get flushed out next time a view is created and
        // no old sections are staying around in the memory of an environment.
        $this->factory->decrementRender();
 
        return $contents;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the evaluated contents of the view.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getContents()
    {
        return $this->engine->get($this->path, $this->gatherData());
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the data bound to the view instance.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function gatherData()
    {
        $data = array_merge($this->factory->getShared(), $this->data);
 
        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
            if ($value instanceof Renderable) {
                $data[$key] = $value->render();
            }
        }
 
        return $data;
    }
 
Arguments
  1. "/home/forge/saiba.org.za/resources/views/app/pages/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short.blade.php"
    
  2. array:4 [
      "__env" => Factory {#177}
      "app" => Application {#2}
      "errors" => ViewErrorBag {#840}
      "user" => null
    ]
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php
 
            throw $e;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the contents of the view instance.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function renderContents()
    {
        // We will keep track of the amount of views being rendered so we can flush
        // the section after the complete rendering operation is done. This will
        // clear out the sections for any separate views that may be rendered.
        $this->factory->incrementRender();
 
        $this->factory->callComposer($this);
 
        $contents = $this->getContents();
 
        // Once we've finished rendering the view, we'll decrement the render count
        // so that each sections get flushed out next time a view is created and
        // no old sections are staying around in the memory of an environment.
        $this->factory->decrementRender();
 
        return $contents;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the evaluated contents of the view.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    protected function getContents()
    {
        return $this->engine->get($this->path, $this->gatherData());
    }
 
    /**
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php
        $this->view = $view;
        $this->path = $path;
        $this->engine = $engine;
        $this->factory = $factory;
 
        $this->data = $data instanceof Arrayable ? $data->toArray() : (array) $data;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the string contents of the view.
     *
     * @param  callable|null  $callback
     * @return string
     *
     * @throws \Throwable
     */
    public function render(callable $callback = null)
    {
        try {
            $contents = $this->renderContents();
 
            $response = isset($callback) ? call_user_func($callback, $this, $contents) : null;
 
            // Once we have the contents of the view, we will flush the sections if we are
            // done rendering all views so that there is nothing left hanging over when
            // another view gets rendered in the future by the application developer.
            $this->factory->flushStateIfDoneRendering();
 
            return ! is_null($response) ? $response : $contents;
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->factory->flushState();
 
            throw $e;
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->factory->flushState();
 
            throw $e;
        }
    }
 
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Http/Response.php
     * @return $this
     */
    public function setContent($content)
    {
        $this->original = $content;
 
        // If the content is "JSONable" we will set the appropriate header and convert
        // the content to JSON. This is useful when returning something like models
        // from routes that will be automatically transformed to their JSON form.
        if ($this->shouldBeJson($content)) {
            $this->header('Content-Type', 'application/json');
 
            $content = $this->morphToJson($content);
        }
 
        // If this content implements the "Renderable" interface then we will call the
        // render method on the object so we will avoid any "__toString" exceptions
        // that might be thrown and have their errors obscured by PHP's handling.
        elseif ($content instanceof Renderable) {
            $content = $content->render();
        }
 
        parent::setContent($content);
 
        return $this;
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if the given content should be turned into JSON.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $content
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function shouldBeJson($content)
    {
        return $content instanceof Arrayable ||
               $content instanceof Jsonable ||
               $content instanceof ArrayObject ||
               $content instanceof JsonSerializable ||
               is_array($content);
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/symfony/http-foundation/Response.php
        504 => 'Gateway Timeout',
        505 => 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
        506 => 'Variant Also Negotiates',                                     // RFC2295
        507 => 'Insufficient Storage',                                        // RFC4918
        508 => 'Loop Detected',                                               // RFC5842
        510 => 'Not Extended',                                                // RFC2774
        511 => 'Network Authentication Required',                             // RFC6585
    ];
 
    /**
     * @param mixed $content The response content, see setContent()
     * @param int   $status  The response status code
     * @param array $headers An array of response headers
     *
     * @throws \InvalidArgumentException When the HTTP status code is not valid
     */
    public function __construct($content = '', $status = 200, $headers = [])
    {
        $this->headers = new ResponseHeaderBag($headers);
        $this->setContent($content);
        $this->setStatusCode($status);
        $this->setProtocolVersion('1.0');
    }
 
    /**
     * Factory method for chainability.
     *
     * Example:
     *
     *     return Response::create($body, 200)
     *         ->setSharedMaxAge(300);
     *
     * @param mixed $content The response content, see setContent()
     * @param int   $status  The response status code
     * @param array $headers An array of response headers
     *
     * @return static
     */
    public static function create($content = '', $status = 200, $headers = [])
    {
Arguments
  1. View {#845}
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
     * @param  mixed  $response
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public static function toResponse($request, $response)
    {
        if ($response instanceof Responsable) {
            $response = $response->toResponse($request);
        }
 
        if ($response instanceof PsrResponseInterface) {
            $response = (new HttpFoundationFactory)->createResponse($response);
        } elseif (! $response instanceof SymfonyResponse &&
                   ($response instanceof Arrayable ||
                    $response instanceof Jsonable ||
                    $response instanceof ArrayObject ||
                    $response instanceof JsonSerializable ||
                    is_array($response))) {
            $response = new JsonResponse($response);
        } elseif (! $response instanceof SymfonyResponse) {
            $response = new Response($response);
        }
 
        if ($response->getStatusCode() === Response::HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED) {
            $response->setNotModified();
        }
 
        return $response->prepare($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Substitute the route bindings onto the route.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     */
    public function substituteBindings($route)
    {
        foreach ($route->parameters() as $key => $value) {
            if (isset($this->binders[$key])) {
                $route->setParameter($key, $this->performBinding($key, $value, $route));
Arguments
  1. View {#845}
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
     * Sort the given middleware by priority.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Support\Collection  $middlewares
     * @return array
     */
    protected function sortMiddleware(Collection $middlewares)
    {
        return (new SortedMiddleware($this->middlewarePriority, $middlewares))->all();
    }
 
    /**
     * Create a response instance from the given value.
     *
     * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request  $request
     * @param  mixed  $response
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function prepareResponse($request, $response)
    {
        return static::toResponse($request, $response);
    }
 
    /**
     * Static version of prepareResponse.
     *
     * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request  $request
     * @param  mixed  $response
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public static function toResponse($request, $response)
    {
        if ($response instanceof Responsable) {
            $response = $response->toResponse($request);
        }
 
        if ($response instanceof PsrResponseInterface) {
            $response = (new HttpFoundationFactory)->createResponse($response);
        } elseif (! $response instanceof SymfonyResponse &&
                   ($response instanceof Arrayable ||
                    $response instanceof Jsonable ||
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. View {#845}
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
    /**
     * Run the given route within a Stack "onion" instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function runRouteWithinStack(Route $route, Request $request)
    {
        $shouldSkipMiddleware = $this->container->bound('middleware.disable') &&
                                $this->container->make('middleware.disable') === true;
 
        $middleware = $shouldSkipMiddleware ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
 
        return (new Pipeline($this->container))
                        ->send($request)
                        ->through($middleware)
                        ->then(function ($request) use ($route) {
                            return $this->prepareResponse(
                                $request, $route->run()
                            );
                        });
    }
 
    /**
     * Gather the middleware for the given route with resolved class names.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @return array
     */
    public function gatherRouteMiddleware(Route $route)
    {
        $middleware = collect($route->gatherMiddleware())->map(function ($name) {
            return (array) MiddlewareNameResolver::resolve($name, $this->middleware, $this->middlewareGroups);
        })->flatten();
 
        return $this->sortMiddleware($middleware);
    }
 
    /**
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. View {#845}
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
use Symfony\Component\Debug\Exception\FatalThrowableError;
 
/**
 * This extended pipeline catches any exceptions that occur during each slice.
 *
 * The exceptions are converted to HTTP responses for proper middleware handling.
 */
class Pipeline extends BasePipeline
{
    /**
     * Get the final piece of the Closure onion.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            try {
                return $destination($passable);
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
            } catch (Throwable $e) {
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Session\TokenMismatchException
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        if (
            $this->isReading($request) ||
            $this->runningUnitTests() ||
            $this->inExceptArray($request) ||
            $this->tokensMatch($request)
        ) {
            return $this->addCookieToResponse($request, $next($request));
        }
 
        throw new TokenMismatchException;
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if the HTTP request uses a ‘read’ verb.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isReading($request)
    {
        return in_array($request->method(), ['HEAD', 'GET', 'OPTIONS']);
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if the application is running unit tests.
     *
     * @return bool
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#627
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#621 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $destination: Closure {#626 …}
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Middleware/ShareErrorsFromSession.php
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        // If the current session has an "errors" variable bound to it, we will share
        // its value with all view instances so the views can easily access errors
        // without having to bind. An empty bag is set when there aren't errors.
        $this->view->share(
            'errors', $request->session()->get('errors') ?: new ViewErrorBag
        );
 
        // Putting the errors in the view for every view allows the developer to just
        // assume that some errors are always available, which is convenient since
        // they don't have to continually run checks for the presence of errors.
 
        return $next($request);
    }
}
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#818
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#621 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $stack: Closure {#627 …}
        $pipe: "App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken"
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $this->sessionHandled = true;
 
        // If a session driver has been configured, we will need to start the session here
        // so that the data is ready for an application. Note that the Laravel sessions
        // do not make use of PHP "native" sessions in any way since they are crappy.
        if ($this->sessionConfigured()) {
            $request->setLaravelSession(
                $session = $this->startSession($request)
            );
 
            $this->collectGarbage($session);
        }
 
        $response = $next($request);
 
        // Again, if the session has been configured we will need to close out the session
        // so that the attributes may be persisted to some storage medium. We will also
        // add the session identifier cookie to the application response headers now.
        if ($this->sessionConfigured()) {
            $this->storeCurrentUrl($request, $session);
 
            $this->addCookieToResponse($response, $session);
        }
 
        return $response;
    }
 
    /**
     * Perform any final actions for the request lifecycle.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#819
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#621 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $stack: Closure {#818 …}
        $pipe: "Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession"
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cookie/Middleware/AddQueuedCookiesToResponse.php
     * Create a new CookieQueue instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Cookie\QueueingFactory  $cookies
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct(CookieJar $cookies)
    {
        $this->cookies = $cookies;
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        $response = $next($request);
 
        foreach ($this->cookies->getQueuedCookies() as $cookie) {
            $response->headers->setCookie($cookie);
        }
 
        return $response;
    }
}
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#820
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#621 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $stack: Closure {#819 …}
        $pipe: "Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession"
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cookie/Middleware/EncryptCookies.php
     * Disable encryption for the given cookie name(s).
     *
     * @param  string|array  $cookieName
     * @return void
     */
    public function disableFor($cookieName)
    {
        $this->except = array_merge($this->except, (array) $cookieName);
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        return $this->encrypt($next($this->decrypt($request)));
    }
 
    /**
     * Decrypt the cookies on the request.
     *
     * @param  \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request  $request
     * @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request
     */
    protected function decrypt(Request $request)
    {
        foreach ($request->cookies as $key => $cookie) {
            if ($this->isDisabled($key)) {
                continue;
            }
 
            try {
                $decryptedValue = $this->decryptCookie($key, $cookie);
 
                $value = CookieValuePrefix::getVerifiedValue($key, $decryptedValue, $this->encrypter->getKey());
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#821
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#621 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $stack: Closure {#820 …}
        $pipe: "Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse"
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
    public function via($method)
    {
        $this->method = $method;
 
        return $this;
    }
 
    /**
     * Run the pipeline with a final destination callback.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function then(Closure $destination)
    {
        $pipeline = array_reduce(
            array_reverse($this->pipes), $this->carry(), $this->prepareDestination($destination)
        );
 
        return $pipeline($this->passable);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the final piece of the Closure onion.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            return $destination($passable);
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function runRouteWithinStack(Route $route, Request $request)
    {
        $shouldSkipMiddleware = $this->container->bound('middleware.disable') &&
                                $this->container->make('middleware.disable') === true;
 
        $middleware = $shouldSkipMiddleware ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
 
        return (new Pipeline($this->container))
                        ->send($request)
                        ->through($middleware)
                        ->then(function ($request) use ($route) {
                            return $this->prepareResponse(
                                $request, $route->run()
                            );
                        });
    }
 
    /**
     * Gather the middleware for the given route with resolved class names.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @return array
     */
    public function gatherRouteMiddleware(Route $route)
    {
        $middleware = collect($route->gatherMiddleware())->map(function ($name) {
            return (array) MiddlewareNameResolver::resolve($name, $this->middleware, $this->middlewareGroups);
        })->flatten();
 
        return $this->sortMiddleware($middleware);
    }
 
    /**
     * Sort the given middleware by priority.
     *
Arguments
  1. Closure {#626
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
      this: Router {#25 …}
      parameters: {
        $request: {}
      }
      use: {
        $route: Route {#437 …}
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
        return $route;
    }
 
    /**
     * Return the response for the given route.
     *
     * @param  Route  $route
     * @param  Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function runRoute(Request $request, Route $route)
    {
        $request->setRouteResolver(function () use ($route) {
            return $route;
        });
 
        $this->events->dispatch(new Events\RouteMatched($route, $request));
 
        return $this->prepareResponse($request,
            $this->runRouteWithinStack($route, $request)
        );
    }
 
    /**
     * Run the given route within a Stack "onion" instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Routing\Route  $route
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function runRouteWithinStack(Route $route, Request $request)
    {
        $shouldSkipMiddleware = $this->container->bound('middleware.disable') &&
                                $this->container->make('middleware.disable') === true;
 
        $middleware = $shouldSkipMiddleware ? [] : $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
 
        return (new Pipeline($this->container))
                        ->send($request)
                        ->through($middleware)
Arguments
  1. Route {#437}
    
  2. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function dispatch(Request $request)
    {
        $this->currentRequest = $request;
 
        return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Dispatch the request to a route and return the response.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
    }
 
    /**
     * Find the route matching a given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     */
    protected function findRoute($request)
    {
        $this->current = $route = $this->routes->match($request);
 
        $this->container->instance(Route::class, $route);
 
        return $route;
    }
 
    /**
     * Return the response for the given route.
     *
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Route {#437}
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function respondWithRoute($name)
    {
        $route = tap($this->routes->getByName($name))->bind($this->currentRequest);
 
        return $this->runRoute($this->currentRequest, $route);
    }
 
    /**
     * Dispatch the request to the application.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
     */
    public function dispatch(Request $request)
    {
        $this->currentRequest = $request;
 
        return $this->dispatchToRoute($request);
    }
 
    /**
     * Dispatch the request to a route and return the response.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function dispatchToRoute(Request $request)
    {
        return $this->runRoute($request, $this->findRoute($request));
    }
 
    /**
     * Find the route matching a given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Routing\Route
     */
    protected function findRoute($request)
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
     * @return void
     */
    public function bootstrap()
    {
        if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
            $this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the route dispatcher callback.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function dispatchToRouter()
    {
        return function ($request) {
            $this->app->instance('request', $request);
 
            return $this->router->dispatch($request);
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    public function terminate($request, $response)
    {
        $this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response);
 
        $this->app->terminate();
    }
 
    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
use Symfony\Component\Debug\Exception\FatalThrowableError;
 
/**
 * This extended pipeline catches any exceptions that occur during each slice.
 *
 * The exceptions are converted to HTTP responses for proper middleware handling.
 */
class Pipeline extends BasePipeline
{
    /**
     * Get the final piece of the Closure onion.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            try {
                return $destination($passable);
            } catch (Exception $e) {
                return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
            } catch (Throwable $e) {
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/fruitcake/laravel-cors/src/HandleCors.php
    protected $container;
    
    public function __construct(CorsService $cors, Container $container)
    {
        $this->cors = $cors;
        $this->container = $container;
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request. Based on Asm89\Stack\Cors by asm89
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return Response
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        // Check if we're dealing with CORS and if we should handle it
        if (! $this->shouldRun($request)) {
            return $next($request);
        }
 
        // For Preflight, return the Preflight response
        if ($this->cors->isPreflightRequest($request)) {
            return $this->cors->handlePreflightRequest($request);
        }
 
        // If the request is not allowed, return 403
        if (! $this->cors->isActualRequestAllowed($request)) {
            return new Response('Not allowed in CORS policy.', 403);
        }
 
        // Add the headers on the Request Handled event as fallback in case of exceptions
        if (class_exists(RequestHandled::class) && $this->container->bound('events')) {
            $this->container->make('events')->listen(RequestHandled::class, function (RequestHandled $event) {
                $this->addHeaders($event->request, $event->response);
            });
        }
 
        // Handle the request
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#607
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#34 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $destination: Closure {#23 …}
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/CheckForMaintenanceMode.php
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        if ($this->app->isDownForMaintenance()) {
            $data = json_decode(file_get_contents($this->app->storagePath().'/framework/down'), true);
 
            throw new MaintenanceModeException($data['time'], $data['retry'], $data['message']);
        }
 
        return $next($request);
    }
}
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
                    // the appropriate method and arguments, returning the results back out.
                    return $pipe($passable, $stack);
                } elseif (! is_object($pipe)) {
                    list($name, $parameters) = $this->parsePipeString($pipe);
 
                    // If the pipe is a string we will parse the string and resolve the class out
                    // of the dependency injection container. We can then build a callable and
                    // execute the pipe function giving in the parameters that are required.
                    $pipe = $this->getContainer()->make($name);
 
                    $parameters = array_merge([$passable, $stack], $parameters);
                } else {
                    // If the pipe is already an object we'll just make a callable and pass it to
                    // the pipe as-is. There is no need to do any extra parsing and formatting
                    // since the object we're given was already a fully instantiated object.
                    $parameters = [$passable, $stack];
                }
 
                return method_exists($pipe, $this->method)
                                ? $pipe->{$this->method}(...$parameters)
                                : $pipe(...$parameters);
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse full pipe string to get name and parameters.
     *
     * @param  string $pipe
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parsePipeString($pipe)
    {
        list($name, $parameters) = array_pad(explode(':', $pipe, 2), 2, []);
 
        if (is_string($parameters)) {
            $parameters = explode(',', $parameters);
        }
 
        return [$name, $parameters];
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
  2. Closure {#608
      class: "Illuminate\Routing\Pipeline"
      this: Pipeline {#34 …}
      parameters: {
        $passable: {}
      }
      use: {
        $stack: Closure {#607 …}
        $pipe: "Fruitcake\Cors\HandleCors"
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Pipeline.php
                return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
            }
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function carry()
    {
        return function ($stack, $pipe) {
            return function ($passable) use ($stack, $pipe) {
                try {
                    $slice = parent::carry();
 
                    $callable = $slice($stack, $pipe);
 
                    return $callable($passable);
                } catch (Exception $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, $e);
                } catch (Throwable $e) {
                    return $this->handleException($passable, new FatalThrowableError($e));
                }
            };
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle the given exception.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $passable
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleException($passable, Exception $e)
    {
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php
    public function via($method)
    {
        $this->method = $method;
 
        return $this;
    }
 
    /**
     * Run the pipeline with a final destination callback.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function then(Closure $destination)
    {
        $pipeline = array_reduce(
            array_reverse($this->pipes), $this->carry(), $this->prepareDestination($destination)
        );
 
        return $pipeline($this->passable);
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the final piece of the Closure onion.
     *
     * @param  \Closure  $destination
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function prepareDestination(Closure $destination)
    {
        return function ($passable) use ($destination) {
            return $destination($passable);
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Get a Closure that represents a slice of the application onion.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
    }
 
    /**
     * Send the given request through the middleware / router.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    protected function sendRequestThroughRouter($request)
    {
        $this->app->instance('request', $request);
 
        Facade::clearResolvedInstance('request');
 
        $this->bootstrap();
 
        return (new Pipeline($this->app))
                    ->send($request)
                    ->through($this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : $this->middleware)
                    ->then($this->dispatchToRouter());
    }
 
    /**
     * Bootstrap the application for HTTP requests.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function bootstrap()
    {
        if (! $this->app->hasBeenBootstrapped()) {
            $this->app->bootstrapWith($this->bootstrappers());
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the route dispatcher callback.
     *
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function dispatchToRouter()
Arguments
  1. Closure {#23
      class: "Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel"
      this: Kernel {#29 …}
      parameters: {
        $request: {}
      }
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php
            $router->middlewareGroup($key, $middleware);
        }
 
        foreach ($this->routeMiddleware as $key => $middleware) {
            $router->aliasMiddleware($key, $middleware);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming HTTP request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function handle($request)
    {
        try {
            $request->enableHttpMethodParameterOverride();
 
            $response = $this->sendRequestThroughRouter($request);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->reportException($e);
 
            $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
        } catch (Throwable $e) {
            $this->reportException($e = new FatalThrowableError($e));
 
            $response = $this->renderException($request, $e);
        }
 
        $this->app['events']->dispatch(
            new Events\RequestHandled($request, $response)
        );
 
        return $response;
    }
 
    /**
     * Send the given request through the middleware / router.
     *
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    
/home/forge/saiba.org.za/public/index.php
*/
 
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';
 
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Run The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request
| through the kernel, and send the associated response back to
| the client's browser allowing them to enjoy the creative
| and wonderful application we have prepared for them.
|
*/
 
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
 
$response = $kernel->handle(
    $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);
 
$response->send();
 
$kernel->terminate($request, $response);
 
Arguments
  1. Request {#42
      #json: null
      #convertedFiles: null
      #userResolver: Closure {#617
        class: "Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider"
        this: AuthServiceProvider {#32 …}
        parameters: {
          $guard: {
            default: null
          }
        }
        use: {
          $app: Application {#2 …}
        }
      }
      #routeResolver: Closure {#611
        class: "Illuminate\Routing\Router"
        this: Router {#25 …}
        use: {
          $route: Route {#437 …}
        }
      }
      +attributes: ParameterBag {#44}
      +request: ParameterBag {#50}
      +query: ParameterBag {#50}
      +server: ServerBag {#46}
      +files: FileBag {#47}
      +cookies: ParameterBag {#45}
      +headers: HeaderBag {#48}
      #content: null
      #languages: null
      #charsets: null
      #encodings: null
      #acceptableContentTypes: array:1 [
        0 => "*/*"
      ]
      #pathInfo: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #requestUri: "/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
      #baseUrl: ""
      #basePath: null
      #method: "GET"
      #format: null
      #session: Store {#833}
      #locale: null
      #defaultLocale: "en"
      -isHostValid: true
      -isForwardedValid: true
      basePath: ""
      format: "html"
    }
    

Environment & details:

empty
empty
empty
empty
empty
Key Value
USER
"forge"
HOME
"/home/forge"
HTTP_USER_AGENT
"claudebot"
HTTP_ACCEPT
"*/*"
HTTP_HOST
"saiba.org.za"
REDIRECT_STATUS
"200"
HTTPS
"on"
SERVER_NAME
"saiba.org.za"
SERVER_PORT
"443"
SERVER_ADDR
"41.72.152.2"
REMOTE_PORT
"39452"
REMOTE_ADDR
"44.195.47.227"
SERVER_SOFTWARE
"nginx/1.20.1"
GATEWAY_INTERFACE
"CGI/1.1"
SERVER_PROTOCOL
"HTTP/2.0"
DOCUMENT_ROOT
"/home/forge/saiba.org.za/public"
DOCUMENT_URI
"/index.php"
REQUEST_URI
"/publications/bareview/how_accurate_is_the_big_short"
SCRIPT_NAME
"/index.php"
SCRIPT_FILENAME
"/home/forge/saiba.org.za/public/index.php"
CONTENT_LENGTH
""
CONTENT_TYPE
""
REQUEST_METHOD
"GET"
QUERY_STRING
""
FCGI_ROLE
"RESPONDER"
PHP_SELF
"/index.php"
REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT
1711630343.4628
REQUEST_TIME
1711630343
empty
0. Whoops\Handler\PrettyPageHandler